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All material presented is compiled from sources believed to be reliable and current, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This is not to be construed as an offer to buy or sell any financial instruments. It is not our intention to state, indicate or imply in any manner that current or past results are indicative of future profitability or expectations. As with all investments there are associated inherent risks. Please obtain and review all financial material carefully before investing.

abrdn offers a variety of products and services intended solely for investors from certain countries or regions. abrdn does not offer these products or services outside their intended countries or regions. Your country of legal residence will determine the products or services that will be available to you. Nothing on this website should be considered a solicitation or offering for sale of any investment product or service to any person in any jurisdiction where such solicitation or offer would be unlawful. Persons residing outside the United States are invited to visit our global website for more information about products and services available to non-U.S. investors.

UNITED STATES RESIDENTS

The purpose of this website is to provide general information about the US-registered investment advisers which are part of abrdn, and the strategies they manage. The information provided is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument.

Past performance is not indicative of future results, and there can be no guarantee as to the accuracy of market forecasts. Opinions, estimates, and forecasts may be changed without notice. This site does not provide financial or investment advice and does not take into account the particular financial circumstances of individual investors. Before investing, investors should seek their own professional advice. The views and opinions expressed are provided for general information only, and do not constitute specific tax, legal, or investment advice to, or recommendations for, any person. We suggest that you consult your financial or tax advisor, accountant, or attorney with regard to your specific situation.

In the United States, abrdn is the marketing name for the following affiliated, registered investment advisers: abrdn Inc., abrdn Investments Ltd., abrdn Australia Limited, abrdn Asia Limited, Aberdeen Capital Management LLC, abrdn ETFs Advisors LLC and abrdn Alternative Funds Limited.

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The information contained in this website does not constitute an offer of, or an invitation to apply for securities in any jurisdiction where such an offer or invitation is unlawful, or in which the person making such an offer is not qualified to do so.

As a convenience to our users, some of the documents on this website may contain links to information created and maintained by other, unaffiliated organizations. abrdn does not control, cannot guarantee, and is not responsible for the accuracy, timeliness, or even the continued availability or existence of this outside information.

There are important legal and regulatory restrictions which you were advised to read before proceeding. By reviewing this information, you are representing that you have understood and accepted the restrictions and terms herein.